In addition, the order of the state forest enterprises are obliged to fully control raise demands on companies, organizations, institutions and other businesses and individuals working or having different objects in forests, on the detection and elimination of its forces and means of fires occurring in their places of work or finding objects. If you would like to know more then you should visit Robert Shiller. In this work all these capabilities must be built so that every fire in area of forest fund could be detected at the beginning of his appearance, so that the message of the fire was immediately transmitted to the item, arrange fire and that the necessary forces and means of extinguishing timely return of the fire and ensured their elimination as soon as possible. Responsibility for the preparation and organization of all forces and means of detecting and extinguishing fires and for the timely liquidation of fires territories of forest enterprises responsible for forest owners and managers. Forest management authority in the Russian Federation will organize supervision of the owners of forest resources and forest managers to implement measures to ensure timely detection and fire suppression, and provide them with necessary assistance, bearing in mind that the forest fire protection is one of the most important state problems. In order to prevent forest fires, fight them, the relevant bodies of state power: every year organizes the development and implementation of enterprises, institutions and organizations entrusted with the safety and protection of forests and forest activities on fire prevention, fire fighting arrangement and preparation of the said enterprises, institutions and organizations to the fire season; annually claim before the fire season, the operational plans for combating forest fires; establish the procedure for public involvement, employees of collective farms, state farms and other agricultural groups, workers and employees, as well as fire-fighting equipment, vehicles and other assets of enterprises, institutions and organizations for fighting forest fires, provide persons involved in this work means transportation, food and medical care; provide parameters during periods of high fire danger in the forests of the creation of the involved forces and means forest fire units and ensure their readiness for immediate departure to If you have a forest fire, assist in the construction and maintenance of fire-fighting purposes, airfields and landing strips for planes and helicopters used in carrying out works on aviation protection of forests in providing fuel and lubricants forest fire units, and allocation to the fire season at the disposal of government forest management as duty transport required number of vehicles, boats and other vehicles with a stock of fuel; organize an extensive fire propaganda, regular coverage in print, on radio and tv matters savings forests, compliance with fire safety in forests; ensure coordination of all activities to combat forest fires, creating, where necessary, special committees for this goal.

Overview. Used marine fuel oil, depending on the method of their preparation is subdivided into two types – distillate and heavy. Distillate fuels are composed of light fractions obtained by distillation in plants for oil refining, are characterized by low viscosity, v = 3 h-6 mm2 / s, so do not need to be heated before it enters the engines or boilers. Heavy fuels are mixtures consisting of residues oil and distillates. Depending on the ratio of light and heavy components of the viscosity of heavy fuels, like others their performance varies widely. In Russia, the quality of fuels is regulated state standards and specifications Abroad quality fuels specifications determined firms supplying the British (BS 2869: 1967) and American (A5> TM-D975 and D396-67). Began in the 70's, and increasingly distributed the process of engaging in the production of fuel products recycling of oil demanded the revision of existing standards and specifications, the expansion of the limit values of quality and attract additional indicators (such as the aluminum content, stability and compatibility of fuels, etc.).

Distillate fuel. Due to limited resources and high cost of distillate price in Class distillate diesel fuel in Russia at approximately 1.7 times the price of heavy fuels. While ensuring the ship heavy fuel causes premature repair of marine diesel engines. Consumption of diesel fuel ships the Navy is only 6-12% of the total fuel burned. Its mainly used to support medium-and high-speed diesel engines, which either by design or because of unsuitability of (no shipping unit for heating fuel) can not be transferred to the heavier grades. In dg diesel fuel used exclusively during the maneuver and to flushing the fuel system, before stopping. The domestic industry produces marine fuel in accordance with gost 305-82 by mixing fractions of the direct distillation of sulfur oils, hydrotreated and dewaxing, with a catalytic gasoil.

The presence of a catalytic gas oil, reduce operating fuel properties, in particular increasing its propensity to deposits. Fuels produce four grades: A, 3, ap, A that the sulfur is divided into two subgroups: with S%, with S == 0,21 – 0,5%. The content of mercaptan sulfur in the sulfur of both subgroups is limited to 0.01%. As a substitute for diesel fuel in ships of sea and river fleet wide using gas-turbine fuel (GOST 10433-75). Fuel obtained as a byproduct in the process of delayed coking unit in the development of petroleum coke, the necessary metallurgical industry. Gas Turbine Fuel tg and tgvk have a higher density and viscosity, but not so high that they had to be heated before use. For these fuels have higher sulfur content (1 and 2.5% respectively) and for that should be paid attention by themselves, they contain up to 25% tar. This leads to their low stability, manifested by heating and mixing with other fuels. Since 1988, the oil industry began to supply the navy ship low-viscosity oil designed to replace diesel and gas turbine fuels. This fuel is produced by mixing the distillate of secondary processes (coking, thermal and catalytic cracking) from the diesel fraction with a high end boiling point, taken from the atmospheric and vacuum columns. Compared with diesel fuel to it impose less stringent requirements (allowed twice high viscosity-11 mm2 / s, the sulfur content of up to 1.5%, lower tsch – not less than 40).

To date, the owners of their houses may have a large number of superiority over the conventional high-rise residents. In reality, its own dedicated to the life zone to which outsiders are not allowed entry, tranquility and likely to issue individual space specifically their homes. However, apart from the benefits of personal housing, there are complications that require solutions. Say, for their own homes to create a structure heating, connection to public communications and numerous other. However, of course, progress is not in place, and certainly something, and heating for your home can be accomplished without direct dependence on centralized system, and in addition an independent heating system allows a few times to make smaller monthly payments for energy. Naturally, if you prefer elaborate system, which aims to to best reduce waste and use renewable resources.

One of the most popular systems today can be called power grid, which allows the use of natural raw energy resources, such as power of the sun. Heat pump device and solar collectors, which we all simultaneously called solar panels provide a chance to make savings in a reasonable and appreciable. Say, the involvement of light battery provides the probability of getting 70 percent of heat energy required for the activity of the home, with this system in essence does not require the maintenance costs. Today is sunny collectors are placed, even not only for the use of private homes, but also large enterprises in more than thirty countries around the world. It is possible to stress and quality of such devices – their life is actually endless.

In addition to the light collectors specialists including learned to use energy – including heat and, – the actual land. Including soil, average temperature is about eight degrees on the scale Centigrade, may create heat in a house if you choose heat pumps or other advanced systems. Hundreds of thousands of consumers to a world of long involve advanced technology to reduce personal spending on energy and do not regret this. Money effectiveness of such decisions is understandable. In order to get the heat required to use a previously present the latest developments. Effectiveness of using them is clear immediately after six months of application.

Radiant heating – the most efficient way to heat large areas (warehouses, hangars, industrial halls, sports facilities, exhibition halls). The idea of heating radiation otnnyud not new. However, long time, infrared radiation primarily used in agriculture. Modern automation tools, will significantly increase the scope of infrared emitters. On the territory of Russia allowed the use of radiant heating for the Class F5.1, F5.2 for functional fire opanosti except for the Class A, B on explosive. Radiant heating systems have been widely use in Europe and the U.S., but in the last decade in Russia. To date, it can be argued that this is not new, but proven technology. The main advantages of heating by radiation: 1) Cost.

Less air temperature in a heated room – saving on consumption of natural gas. The cost of installation and the hardware itself is also lower compared to conventional boilers 2) The best hygiene and temperature conditions of the premises. Radiation is absorbed by walls and floor, the floor and walls are always warm, the moisture on the inside walls in the working zone is formed, increases comfort, the largest The room temperature is set in the working area, not the ceiling. 3) No coolant in the system. 4) The cost of servicing the heating system is 2-5 times lower than conventional heating systems. 5) By compared with the boilers do not require a device separate rooms – do not spend an internal volume and a useful area of the building. We will be happy to answer your questions